Nutrition

LaGuardia Community College
Room: E300
Chapter 1 through 3

Electronegativity and Equilibrium are atoms affinity one attraction.

Table 3.2
A summary of protein structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary...description and stabilized by?

Primary is a Peptide bonds that has a chain of "Gly--Ser--Asp--Cys".
Secondary (looks like a plateau with rail lines across of it is denatured (unfolded).
Tertiary is unable to function normally.
Quarternary's molecular chaperones.

Table 3.3
A summary of protein functions.

Protein types are Antibodies and compliment protein; contractile protein and motor protein; enzymes; peptide hormones (insulin); receptor protein; structural protein; transport protein.
Also, their "roles in cell or organism.

Between Peptide and Steroid hormones.

Intro to Catalysis:
Catalysis lowers the activation.
Catalysts do not change DeltaG and are not consumed in the reaction. DeltaG, a free energy.

Activation energy E (Subscript A) Ea. (Provides a barrier).

Transition (something in between).

A - B - C
Transition State

Free energy.

Protein becomes enzyme which becomes amino acid.

A model of enzyme action.
Termination
Cofactors Coenzyme

Substitute sets in before heading home.
Make Allostar. (Damn I was probably sleeping in class that's why have no idea what I wrote here.)

Nucleotides (nt) are monomers.
DNAs 1 degree structure = sequence of nitrogenous bases, which contain info. DNA's 2 degree structure running in oppositve directions. Complimentary base pairing double helix.
RNAs 1 degree structure also consists of a sequence. 2 degree structure includes short double.

What is Nucleic Acid?
It is the RNA world of the ability to reproduce and the metabolism polymer of nucleutides.

Ribose

Sugar difference, instead it has Ribose.

Deoxyribose

Nitrogen containing basis.

Cytosine

Nucleotide, a phosphate group. 5 Carbon Sugar. Nitrogenous base. 

How do Nucleotides polymerize to form Nucleic Acids?

Condensation reaction

Phosphodiester linkage.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is made from ribonucleotides.

DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid is made from deoxyribonucleotides.

Table 4.2 Using Rosalind Franklin's data.

DNA structure and function. Watson and Crick Model. Two anti parallel DNA strands double.

Purine - Pyrimidine. 

Hydrogen Bonds?

Guanine and Cystosine: 3 Hydrogen Bonds

Adenine and Thymine: 2 Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen is keeping these two together. Guanine needs higher temperature to break because it has too much double helix and double hydrogen bonding.

DNA contains thymine.

RNA contains uracil.

If denatured, how can it be renatured?

What kind of molecule is it? Stable Molecule.

What came first RNA or DNA?

RNA because it's a single stranded. RNA contains uracil, not thymine. RNA can take entriquet structure. RNA can replicate. DNA is double cannot replicate.

Chapter 5: Carbohydrate

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Amylose is in saliva.

Starch is a1.4

a1.4 glucosidic linkage.

Polysacharide

Glycogen is highly branched.

Cellulose: A structural polysacharide in plants.

Alternate flipping of glucose monomers allows extensive hydrogen bonding.

Chitinnacetyl glucosamine is Fungi + Algae.

Mono, poly, disaccharides.

Glycolipids

Glycoprotein

CHO (Carbohydrate) as Electron Donors.

Carbondioxide + Water + Sunlight gives Carbohydrates + Oxygen. Carbon was reduced.

If reversed, we can make ATP.

Polar interacts with water.

MARCH 25TH, 2008

Osmosis

Page 115

1. Start with more solute on one side of the lipid bilayer. (The first image)

2. Osmosis reaction.(the second image).

The Pressure on the above picture.

3. Solution is the Hypertonic, Hypotonic Isotonic.